An envelope contains eight coins: two each of denominations $1$, $5$, $10$, and $20$ cents. Two coins are drawn uniformly without replacement. What is the probability that their total value is at least $20$ cents?
Two fair eight-sided dice numbered $1$ through $8$ are rolled independently. What is the probability that the product of their values exceeds their sum?
Laura adds two three-digit positive integers whose six digits are all distinct. Their sum $S$ also has three digits. What is the smallest possible sum of the digits of $S$?
Chloe chooses a real number uniformly from $[0,2017]$. Independently, Laurent chooses one uniformly from $[0,4034]$. What is the probability that Laurent's number exceeds Chloe's?
In the figure, the length of side $AB$ of square $ABCD$ is $\sqrt{50},$ $E$ is between $B$ and $H,$ and $BE = 1.$ What is the area of the inner square $EFGH?$
A fair die has labels $1,2,2,3,3,4$, and a second fair die has labels $1,3,4,5,6,8$. They are rolled independently. What is the probability that the sum is $5$, $7$, or $9$?
Doug constructs a square window with eight congruent panes as shown. Each pane has height-to-width ratio $5:2$, and all borders around and between the panes are $2\text{ cm}$ wide. What is the window's side length in centimeters?
On an island, all amounts of money are written in base $b$. A car costs $(440)_b$. Alex pays $(1000)_b$ and receives $(340)_b$ in change. What is the decimal value of $b$?