Suppose $n$ is a positive integer and 3 arbitrary numbers are choosen from the set $\{1,2,3,\ldots,3n+1\}$ with their sum equal to $3n+1$. What is the largest possible product of those 3 numbers?
Editorial convention for this imported question: the three values may repeat. This is an editor-selected interpretation, not a condition confirmed in the source. The distinct-elements interpretation is also proved in the solution.
On the circle $(O)$ of radius $15\text{ cm}$ are given 2 points $A,B$. The altitude $OH$ of the triangle $OAB$ intersect $(O)$ at $C$. What is $AC$ if $AB=16\text{ cm}$?
Editorial convention: C is the intersection of the circle with the ray from O through H. The other intersection of the full altitude line is discussed separately in the solution.
In $\triangle ABC$, $PQ\parallel BC$ where $P$ and $Q$ are points on $AB$ and $AC$ respectively. The lines $PC$ and $QB$ intersect at $G$. It is also given $EF\parallel BC$, where $G\in EF$, $E\in AB$ and $F\in AC$ with $PQ=a$ and $EF=b$. Find value of $BC$.
Editorial clarification: use a nondegenerate triangle and P,Q in the interiors of the stated sides, so the intersection G is well-defined.