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MathNet 2015-part-04 — 191 problems (EN–VI) Question 100

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2015-part-04 — 191 problems (EN–VI)

Question 100

Consider the integral lattice $\mathbb{Z}^n$, $n \ge 2$, in the Euclidean $n$-space. Define a line in $\mathbb{Z}^n$ to be a set of the form $a_1 \times \dots \times a_{k-1} \times \mathbb{Z} \times a_{k+1} \times \dots \times a_n$, where $k$ is an integer in the range $1, 2, \dots, n$, and the $a_i$ are arbitrary integers. A subset $A$ of $\mathbb{Z}^n$ is called *admissible* if it is non-empty, finite, and every line in $\mathbb{Z}^n$ which intersects $A$ contains at least two points of $A$. A subset $N$ of $\mathbb{Z}^n$ is called *null* if it is non-empty, and every line in $\mathbb{Z}^n$ intersects $N$ in an even number of points (possibly zero).

a) Prove that every admissible set in $\mathbb{Z}^2$ contains a null set.

b) Exhibit an admissible set in $\mathbb{Z}^3$ no subset of which is a null set.