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MathNet 2018-part-01 — 181 problems (EN–VI) Question 65

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2018-part-01 — 181 problems (EN–VI)

Question 65

A polynomial $f(x)$ with real coefficients is called generating, if for each polynomial $\varphi(x)$ with real coefficients there exists positive integer $k$ and polynomials $g_1(x), \dots, g_k(x)$ such that
$$
\varphi(x) = f(g_1(x)) + \dots + f(g_k(x)).
$$

Find all generating polynomials.