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MathNet 2019-part-06 — 184 problems (EN–VI) Question 33

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2019-part-06 — 184 problems (EN–VI)

Question 33

Define sequence of positive integers $\left(a_{n}\right)$ as $a_{1}=a$ and $a_{n+1}=a_{n}^{2}+1$ for $n \geq 1$. Prove that there is no index $n$ for which
$$
\prod_{k=1}^{n}\left(a_{k}^{2}+a_{k}+1\right)
$$
is a perfect square.