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MathNet 2019-part-02 — 184 problems (EN–VI) Question 61

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2019-part-02 — 184 problems (EN–VI)

Question 61

a) Given that the decimal representation of $5^{2018}$ has 1411 digits and begins with 3 (the leftmost nonzero digit is 3), for how many integers $1 \leq n \leq 2017$ does the number $5^{n}$ begin with 1?
b) The integers $4^{52}$ and $5^{52}$ both begin with the digit 2. If the decimal representations of the powers $4^{n}$ and $5^{n}$, with $n\gt 0$ an integer, begin with the same digit $d$, what are the possible values of this digit?