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MathNet 2019-part-01 — 184 problems (EN–VI) Question 73

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2019-part-01 — 184 problems (EN–VI)

Question 73

A fair $k$-die is a die with $k$ sides and the numbers $1, 2, \dots, k$ written one on each side such that the probability of getting one of these numbers when rolling the die is exactly $\frac{1}{k}$ for each number. Let $n$ be a positive integer and $a_1 \ge a_2 \ge \dots \ge a_n \gt 0$ be integers. Georg has $n$ fair dice with $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$ sides, respectively. When he rolls the $n$ dice, he sums the $n$ numbers he gets. Prove that the probability of getting a specific sum is at most $\frac{1}{a_1}$.