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USAJMO 2019 Question 2

USAJMO · USAJMO 2019

Question 2

For which integer pairs $(a,b)$ do there exist functions $f,g:\mathbb Z\to\mathbb Z$ such that $f(g(x))=x+a$ and $g(f(x))=x+b$ for every integer $x$?

Proposed by Ankan Bhattacharya. Evan Chen’s third-party compilation; source discussion https://aops.com/community/p12189493.