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USAMO 2019 — Days 1 and 2 Question 1

USAMO · USAMO 2019 — Days 1 and 2

Question 1

A function $f:\mathbb N\to\mathbb N$ on the positive integers satisfies $f^{f(n)}(n)=n^2/f(f(n))$ for every $n\ge1$, where the exponent denotes iteration. Determine all possible values of $f(1000)$.

Proposed by Evan Chen. Source: Evan Chen’s third-party solution notes.