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USAMO 2012 — Days 1 and 2 Question 3

USAMO · USAMO 2012 — Days 1 and 2

Question 3

Determine which integers $n \gt 1$ have the property
that there exists an infinite sequence $a_1$, $a_2$, $a_3$, …
of nonzero integers such that the equality

\[ a_k + 2a_{2k} + \dots + na_{nk} = 0 \]

holds for every positive integer $k$.