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MathNet 2021 — Part 09 Question 1

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2021 — Part 09

Question 1

Define $\|x\|_*=(|x|+|x-1|-1)/2$. Find all functions $f:\mathbb N\to\mathbb N$ such that
$$
f^{(\|f(x)-x\|_*)}(x)=x\qquad(x\in\mathbb N).
$$
Here $f^{(0)}(x)=x$, and $f^{(n)}(x)=f(f^{(n-1)}(x))$ for positive integers $n$.