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MathNet 2022-part-06 — 196 problems (EN–VI) Question 155

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2022-part-06 — 196 problems (EN–VI)

Question 155

A group of 101 Dalmathians participate in an election, where they each vote independently on either candidate $A$ or $B$ with equal probability. If $X$ Dalmathians voted for the winning candidate, the expected value of $X^{2}$ can be expressed as $\frac{a}{b}$ for positive integers $a, b$ with $\operatorname{gcd}(a, b)=1$. Find the unique positive integer $k \leq 103$ such that $103 \mid a-b k$.