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MathNet 2021 — Part 05 Question 3

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2021 — Part 05

Question 3

Let $S$ be a set of positive integers satisfying the following two conditions:
- For each positive integer $n$, at least one of $n, 2n, \ldots, 100n$ is in $S$.
- If $a_{1}, a_{2}, b_{1}, b_{2}$ are positive integers such that $\operatorname{gcd}\left(a_{1} a_{2}, b_{1} b_{2}\right)=1$ and $a_{1} b_{1}, a_{2} b_{2} \in S$, then $a_{2} b_{1}, a_{1} b_{2} \in S$.
Suppose that $S$ has natural density $r$. Compute the minimum possible value of $\left\lfloor 10^{5} r\right\rfloor$.
Note: $S$ has natural density $r$ if $\frac{1}{n}|S \cap\{1, \ldots, n\}|$ approaches $r$ as $n$ approaches $\infty$.