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MathNet 2021 — Part 03 Question 100

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2021 — Part 03

Question 100

Let $(F_k)_{k\geqslant0}$ be the sequence defined by $F_0=0,F_1=1$ and $F_{k+2}=F_k+F_{k+1}$ for every integer $k\geqslant0$. Let $n\geqslant1$ be an integer. Prove that there are exactly $F_{n+1}$ ways to order $1,2,\ldots,n$ into an $n$-tuple $(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_n)$ satisfying
$$a_1\leqslant2a_2\leqslant3a_3\leqslant\cdots\leqslant na_n.$$