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IMO 2014 — Complete Shortlist Question 29

IMO Shortlist · IMO 2014 — Complete Shortlist

Question 29

Let $c \geqslant 1$ be an integer. Define a sequence of positive integers by $a_{1}=c$ and

$$
a_{n+1}=a_{n}^{3}-4 c \cdot a_{n}^{2}+5 c^{2} \cdot a_{n}+c
$$

for all $n \geqslant 1$. Prove that for each integer $n \geqslant 2$ there exists a prime number $p$ dividing $a_{n}$ but none of the numbers $a_{1}, \ldots, a_{n-1}$.