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IMO 2012 — Complete Shortlist Question 26

IMO Shortlist · IMO 2012 — Complete Shortlist

Question 26

An integer $a$ is called friendly if the equation $\left(m^{2}+n\right)\left(n^{2}+m\right)=a(m-n)^{3}$ has a solution over the positive integers.

a) Prove that there are at least 500 friendly integers in the set $\{1,2, \ldots, 2012\}$.

b) Decide whether $a=2$ is friendly.