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MathNet 2024-part-05 — 168 problems (EN–VI) Question 94

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2024-part-05 — 168 problems (EN–VI)

Question 94

Suppose function $f: \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N}$ satisfies
$$
f^{bf(a)}(a+1) = (a+1)f(b)
$$
for all positive integers $a, b \in \mathbb{N}$, where $f^k(n) = f(f(\cdots f(n)\cdots))$ denotes the composition of $f$ with itself $k$ times. Prove that $f(n) = n+1$ for all $n \in \mathbb{N}$.