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MathNet 2025-part-01 — 187 problems (EN–VI) Question 8

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2025-part-01 — 187 problems (EN–VI)

Question 8

A polynomial $c_{d}x^{d} + c_{d - 1}x^{d - 1} + \dots + c_{1}x + c_{0}$ with degree $d$ is reflexive if there is an integer $n \geq d$ such that $c_{i} = c_{n - i}$ for every $0 \leq i \leq n$, where $c_{i} = 0$ for $i \gt d$. Let $\ell \geq 2$ be an integer and $p(x)$ be a polynomial with integer coefficients. Prove that there exist reflexive polynomials $q(x), r(x)$ with integer coefficients such that
$$(1 + x + x^{2} + \dots + x^{\ell -1})p(x) = q(x) + x^{\ell}r(x).$$