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MathNet 2026 — Part 06 Question 141

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2026 — Part 06

Question 141

Let $S = \mathbb{N} \cup \{1/n \mid n \in \mathbb{N}\}$ be the set of all positive integers and their reciprocals. A function $f : S \to S$, defined on $S$ and with values in $S$, is called *semi-reciprocal* if $f(f(x)) = 1/x$ for all $x \in S$.


a. Find a semi-reciprocal function.


b. Show that for every semi-reciprocal function $f$ there is exactly one number $p \in S$ such that $f(p) = p$.