2021 AMC 10D

What is the value of $$
1234 + 2341 + 3412 + 4123?
$$

What is the area of the shaded figure shown below?

The expression $$
\dfrac{2021}{2020} - \dfrac{2020}{2021}
$$ is equal to the fraction $\frac{p}{q}$ in which $p$ and $q$ are positive integers whose greatest common divisor is $1.$ What is $p?$

At noon on a certain day, Minneapolis is $N$ degrees warmer than St. Louis. At $4{:}00$ the temperature in Minneapolis has fallen by $5$ degrees while the temperature in St. Louis has risen by $3$ degrees, at which time the temperatures in the two cities differ by $2$ degrees. What is the product of all possible values of $N?$

Let $n=8^{2022}.$ Which of the following is equal to $\frac{n}{4}?$

The least positive integer with exactly $2021$ distinct positive divisors can be written in the form $m \cdot 6^k,$ where $m$ and $k$ are integers and $6$ is not a divisor of $m.$ What is $m+k?$

Call a fraction $\frac{a}{b},$ not necessarily in simplest form, *special* if $a$ and $b$ are positive integers whose sum is $15.$ How many distinct integers can be written as the sum of two, not necessarily different, special fractions?

The greatest prime number that is a divisor of $16{,}384$ is $2$ because $16{,}384 = 2^{14}.$ What is the sum of the digits of the greatest prime number that is a divisor of $16{,}383?$

The knights in a certain kingdom come in two colors. $\frac{2}{7}$ of them are red, and the rest are blue. Furthermore, $\frac{1}{6}$ of the knights are magical, and the fraction of red knights who are magical is $2$ times the fraction of blue knights who are magical. What fraction of red knights are magical?

Forty slips of paper numbered $1$ to $40$ are placed in a hat. Alice and Bob each draw one number from the hat without replacement, keeping their numbers hidden from each other. Alice says, “I can’t tell who has the larger number.” Then Bob says, “I know who has the larger number.” Alice says, “You do? Is your number prime?” Bob replies, “Yes.” Alice says, “In that case, if I multiply your number by $100$ and add my number, the result is a perfect square.” What is the sum of the two numbers drawn from the hat?

A regular hexagon of side length $1$ is inscribed in a circle. Each minor arc of the circle determined by a side of the hexagon is reflected over that side. What is the area of the region bounded by these $6$ reflected arcs?

Which of the following conditions is sufficient to guarantee that integers $x,$ $y,$ and $z$ satisfy the equation $$
x(x-y)+y(y-z)+z(z-x)
$$$$
= 1?
$$

A square with side length $3$ is inscribed in an isosceles triangle with one side of the square along the base of the triangle. A square with side length $2$ has two vertices on the other square and the other two on sides of the triangle, as shown. What is the area of the triangle?

Una rolls $6$ standard $6$-sided dice simultaneously and calculates the product of the $6$ numbers obtained. What is the probability that the product is divisible by $4?$

In square $ABCD,$ points $P$ and $Q$ lie on $\overline{AD}$ and $\overline{AB},$ respectively. Segments $\overline{BP}$ and $\overline{CQ}$ intersect at right angles at $R,$ with $BR = 6$ and $PR = 7.$ What is the area of the square?

Five balls are arranged around a circle. Chris chooses two adjacent balls at random and interchanges them. Then Silva does the same, with her choice of adjacent balls to interchange being independent of Chris’s. What is the expected number of balls that occupy their original positions after these two successive transpositions?

Distinct lines $\ell$ and $m$ lie in the $xy$-plane. They intersect at the origin. Point $P(-1, 4)$ is reflected about line $\ell$ to point $P',$ and then $P'$ is reflected about line $m$ to point $P''.$ The equation of line $\ell$ is $5x - y = 0,$ and the coordinates of $P''$ are $(4,1).$ What is the equation of line $m?$

Three identical square sheets of paper each with side length $6$ are stacked on top of each other. The middle sheet is rotated clockwise $30^\circ$ about its center and the top sheet is rotated clockwise $60^\circ$ about its center, resulting in the $24$-sided polygon shown in the figure below.

The area of this polygon can be expressed in the form $a-b\sqrt{c},$ where $a,$ $b,$ and $c$ are positive integers, and $c$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is $a+b+c?$

Let $N$ be the positive integer $7777\ldots777,$ a $313$-digit number where each digit is a $7.$ Let $f(r)$ be the leading digit of the $r$th root of $N.$ What is $$
\begin{aligned} &f(2)+f(3)+f(4)\\ &\quad{}+f(5)+f(6)? \end{aligned}
$$

In a particular game, each of $4$ players rolls a standard $6$-sided die. The winner is the player who rolls the highest number. If there is a tie for the highest roll, those involved in the tie will roll again and this process will continue until one player wins. Hugo is one of the players in this game. What is the probability that Hugo’s first roll was a $5,$ given that he won the game?