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MathNet 2002 — Part 02 Question 28

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2002 — Part 02

Question 28

The Antarctican language has an alphabet of just 16 letters. Interestingly, every word in the language has exactly 3 letters, and it is known that no word's first letter equals any word's last letter (for instance, if the alphabet were $\{a, b\}$ then $a a b$ and $a a a$ could not both be words in the language because $a$ is the first letter of a word and the last letter of a word; in fact, just $a a a$ alone couldn't be in the language). Given this, determine the maximum possible number of words in the language.