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MathNet 2016-part-01 — 184 problems (EN–VI) Question 106

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2016-part-01 — 184 problems (EN–VI)

Question 106

An infinite sequence $(a_n)$, $n \in \mathbb{N}$, of positive numbers is called *lacunar* if there exists a number $q \gt 1$ such that $a_{n+1}/a_n \ge q$ for all $n \in \mathbb{N}$. Also, the sequence is called *solitary* if there exists a number $r \gt 1$ such that the interval $(x, rx)$ contains at most one term of this sequence for any positive $x$.

a) Is it true that any lacunar sequence is solitary?

b) Is it true that any solitary sequence is lacunar?