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MathNet 2018-part-04 — 181 problems (EN–VI) Question 100

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2018-part-04 — 181 problems (EN–VI)

Question 100

For $n \ge 2$, consider $n$ boxes aligned from left to right. In each box, one puts a ball that can be red, blue or white such that the following condition is fulfilled: Each box is neighboring at least one box containing a ball of the same color. We denote by $I_n$ the number of such configurations.

a) Determine $I_{11}$. Justify your answer.

b) Find, with proof, the general formula for $I_n$.