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1997 AIME Question 12

AIME · 1997 AIME

Question 12

The function $f$ defined by $f(x) = \frac{ax + b}{cx + d},$ where $a,$ $b,$ $c,$ and $d$ are nonzero real numbers, has the properties $f(19) = 19,$ $f(97) = 97,$ and $f(f(x)) = x$ for all values except $\frac{-d}{c}.$ Find the unique number that is not in the range of $f.$