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IMO 1999 Shortlist Question 1

IMO Shortlist · IMO 1999 Shortlist

Question 1

N1 (TWN), IMO4. Find all pairs of positive integers $(x,p)$ such that $p$ is a prime, $x\le2p$, and $x^{p-1}$ is a divisor of $(p-1)^x+1$.