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IMO 2017 — Complete Shortlist Question 11

IMO Shortlist · IMO 2017 — Complete Shortlist

Question 11

Sir Alex plays the following game on a row of 9 cells. Initially, all cells are empty. In each move, Sir Alex is allowed to perform exactly one of the following two operations:
(1) Choose any number of the form $2^{j}$, where $j$ is a non-negative integer, and put it into an empty cell.
(2) Choose two (not necessarily adjacent) cells with the same number in them; denote that number by $2^{j}$. Replace the number in one of the cells with $2^{j+1}$ and erase the number in the other cell.

At the end of the game, one cell contains the number $2^{n}$, where $n$ is a given positive integer, while the other cells are empty. Determine the maximum number of moves that Sir Alex could have made, in terms of $n$.