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IMO 2017 — Complete Shortlist Question 2

IMO Shortlist · IMO 2017 — Complete Shortlist

Question 2

Let $q$ be a real number. Gugu has a napkin with ten distinct real numbers written on it, and he writes the following three lines of real numbers on the blackboard:

- In the first line, Gugu writes down every number of the form $a-b$, where $a$ and $b$ are two (not necessarily distinct) numbers on his napkin.
- In the second line, Gugu writes down every number of the form $q a b$, where $a$ and $b$ are two (not necessarily distinct) numbers from the first line.
- In the third line, Gugu writes down every number of the form $a^{2}+b^{2}-c^{2}-d^{2}$, where $a, b, c, d$ are four (not necessarily distinct) numbers from the first line.

Determine all values of $q$ such that, regardless of the numbers on Gugu's napkin, every number in the second line is also a number in the third line.