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IMO 2011 — Complete Shortlist Question 2

IMO Shortlist · IMO 2011 — Complete Shortlist

Question 2

Determine all sequences $\left(x_{1}, x_{2}, \ldots, x_{2011}\right)$ of positive integers such that for every positive integer $n$ there is an integer $a$ with

$$
x_{1}^{n}+2 x_{2}^{n}+\cdots+2011 x_{2011}^{n}=a^{n+1}+1 .
$$