Question 10
On some planet, there are $2^{N}$ countries $(N \geq 4)$. Each country has a flag $N$ units wide and one unit high composed of $N$ fields of size $1 \times 1$, each field being either yellow or blue. No two countries have the same flag.
We say that a set of $N$ flags is diverse if these flags can be arranged into an $N \times N$ square so that all $N$ fields on its main diagonal will have the same color. Determine the smallest positive integer $M$ such that among any $M$ distinct flags, there exist $N$ flags forming a diverse set.
We say that a set of $N$ flags is diverse if these flags can be arranged into an $N \times N$ square so that all $N$ fields on its main diagonal will have the same color. Determine the smallest positive integer $M$ such that among any $M$ distinct flags, there exist $N$ flags forming a diverse set.