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IMO 2024 — Complete Shortlist Question 27

IMO Shortlist · IMO 2024 — Complete Shortlist

Question 27

Determine all sequences $a_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots$ of positive integers such that, for any pair of positive integers $m \leq n$, the arithmetic and geometric means

$$ \frac{a_{m}+a_{m+1}+\cdots+a_{n}}{n-m+1}\quad \text{and}\quad(a_{m}a_{m+1}\cdots a_{n})^{\frac{1}{n-m+1}} $$

are both integers.