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IMO 2023 — Complete Shortlist Question 2

IMO Shortlist · IMO 2023 — Complete Shortlist

Question 2

Let $\mathbb{R}$ be the set of real numbers. Let $f: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a function such that

$$
f(x+y) f(x-y) \geqslant f(x)^{2}-f(y)^{2}
$$

for every $x, y \in \mathbb{R}$. Assume that the inequality is strict for some $x_{0}, y_{0} \in \mathbb{R}$.
Prove that $f(x) \geqslant 0$ for every $x \in \mathbb{R}$ or $f(x) \leqslant 0$ for every $x \in \mathbb{R}$.