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IMO 2019 — Complete Shortlist Question 27

IMO Shortlist · IMO 2019 — Complete Shortlist

Question 27

We say that a set $S$ of integers is rootiful if, for any positive integer $n$ and any $a_{0}, a_{1}, \ldots, a_{n} \in S$, all integer roots of the polynomial $a_{0}+a_{1} x+\cdots+a_{n} x^{n}$ are also in $S$. Find all rootiful sets of integers that contain all numbers of the form $2^{a}-2^{b}$ for positive integers $a$ and $b$.