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International Mathematical Olympiad 2026 — Official contest Question 5

IMO · International Mathematical Olympiad 2026 — Official contest

Question 5

Let $\mathbb R_{\gt 0}$ be the set of positive real numbers. Determine all functions $f:\mathbb R_{\gt 0}\to\mathbb R_{\gt 0}$ such that

$$\sqrt{\frac{x^2+f(y)^2}{2}}\ge\frac{f(x)+y}{2}\ge\sqrt{xf(y)}$$

for every $x,y\in\mathbb R_{\gt 0}$.