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International Mathematical Olympiad 2006 — Official contest Question 5

IMO · International Mathematical Olympiad 2006 — Official contest

Question 5

Let $P$ be a polynomial of degree $n\gt 1$ with integer coefficients and let $k$ be any positive integer. Consider the polynomial $Q(x)=P(P(\ldots P(P(x)) \ldots))$, with $k$ pairs of parentheses. Prove that $Q$ has no more than $n$ integer fixed points, i.e. integers satisfying the equation $Q(x)=x$.