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MathNet 2023-part-06 — 191 problems (EN–VI) Question 64

Math Olympiad Vault · MathNet 2023-part-06 — 191 problems (EN–VI)

Question 64

Let $G$ be a graph whose vertices are the integers. Assume that any two integers are connected by a finite path in $G$. For two integers $x$ and $y$, we denote by $d(x, y)$ the length of the shortest path from $x$ to $y$, where the length of a path is the number of edges in it. Assume that $d(x, y) \mid x-y$ for all $x, y \in \mathbb{Z}$ and define $S(G)=\{d(x, y) \mid x, y \in \mathbb{Z}\}$. Find all possible sets $S(G)$.