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IMSO 2008 Science Taiwan Second Round Theory I

Question 1

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

What is the principal reason that air pressure at the top of a mountain is smaller than at the bottom?
  1. The air is cooler at the top.
  2. The weight of all the air above the top is smaller.
  3. The percentage of oxygen is lower at the top.
  4. The air molecules are closer together at the top.

Question 2

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

A key is placed in a hot oven and warmed to “1000C” [exact source typography]. As a result:

A. The hole becomes smaller.

B. The key bends into an arc.

C. The key becomes longer.

D. All of the above.

Question 3

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

Choose the correct statement.
  1. Perceived loudness depends somewhat on frequency.
  2. Each musical note is 10 Hz higher than the next lower note.
  3. The decibel is the standard unit of tone quality.
  4. None of the above.

Question 4

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

Choose the incorrect statement about melamine (C3H6N6). The food-contamination statement is historical context from the 2008 paper.
  1. Melamine was found in milk powder made in mainland China.
  2. Melamine is a kind of polymer.
  3. Melamine is used to make plastic dinner plates.
  4. None of the above.

Question 5

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

The source attributes the high resolution of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to wave properties of electrons. Choose the correct statement.

A. Electron wavelength depends on mass.

B. Any particles have wave properties like electrons.

C. An electromagnetic wave cannot have particle properties.

D. None of the above.

Question 6

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

The primary mirror in an astronomical telescope must be:
  1. half-silvered
  2. convex
  3. concave
  4. plane

Question 7

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

A car headlight and dashboard light operate at the same voltage. The headlight consumes more power because:
  1. its resistance is lower
  2. its current is larger
  3. it uses energy faster
  4. all of the above

Question 8

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

The drawings show turtle and chicken embryos. Which statement is supported by their similarities?

Question illustration
  1. The turtle is more advanced.
  2. The chicken has more offspring than the turtle.
  3. The turtle and chicken are similar as adults.
  4. The chicken and turtle share a common ancestor.

Question 9

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

Complete removal of decomposers from an ecosystem has the greatest direct effect on:
  1. spread of disease
  2. availability of water
  3. recycling of nutrients
  4. distribution of organisms

Question 10

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

Why does Earth’s axial tilt make summer warmer than winter in the Northern Hemisphere?
  1. Warm ocean currents flow from the tropics to the Northern Hemisphere in summer.
  2. Sun rays strike the Northern Hemisphere more directly in summer.
  3. The greenhouse effect increases there in summer.
  4. The Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun in summer.

Question 11

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

Gas exchange, diaphragm and inhale are most closely associated with which human body system?
  1. circulatory
  2. digestive
  3. excretory
  4. respiratory

Question 12

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

What do the caterpillar, mold and fern have in common?

Question illustration
  1. They are made of cells.
  2. They produce their own food.
  3. They decompose other organisms.
  4. They cause disease.

Question 13

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

Which Earth layer has the greatest density?
  1. crust
  2. mantle
  3. inner core
  4. outer core

Question 14

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

Which of these plants flower during summer?

Question illustration

A. long-night

B. short-day

C. intermediate-day

D. long-day

Question 15

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

Which is a principle of natural selection?
  1. Members of a species are genetically identical.
  2. Variations are acquired during life and therefore are not inherited.
  3. Most organisms are infertile or produce nonviable offspring.
  4. Helpful variations allow better survival and reproduction than in individuals lacking them.

Question 16

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

What does this graph suggest? Horizontal axis: organism type. Vertical axis: number of amino-acid differences compared with human cytochrome c.

Question illustration
  1. Organism size shows evolutionary similarities.
  2. Butterflies and humans are closely related.
  3. Amino acids can show evolutionary similarities.
  4. Monkeys and fish have similar biochemical features.

Question 17

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

According to the historical table, which group suffered the largest percentage loss to extinction?

Estimated extinctions since 1600 (source data)

| Group | Mainland | Island | Ocean | Total | Approx. species | % extinct |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mammals | 30 | 51 | 4 | 85 | 4000 | 2.1 |
| Birds | 21 | 92 | 0 | 113 | 9000 | 1.3 |
| Reptiles | 1 | 20 | 0 | 21 | 6300 | 0.3 |
| Amphibians | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4200 | 0.05 |
| Fish | 22 | 1 | 0 | 23 | 19,100 | 0.1 |
| Invertebrates | 49 | 48 | 1 | 98 | 1,000,000+ | 0.01 |
| Flowering plants | 245 | 139 | 0 | 384 | 250,000 | 0.2 |
  1. birds
  2. plants
  3. mammals
  4. invertebrates

Question 18

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

How is the Casparian strip important to plants?

Question illustration

A. allows absorption of water

B. prevents water entering leaves

C. prevents minerals from being absorbed

D. blocks nutrients

Question 19

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

Imagine the pictured cubes are cells. Which most efficiently supplies nutrients through its membrane?

Question illustration
  1. smallest
  2. largest
  3. medium-sized
  4. both smallest and largest

Question 20

Section A: choose the correct answer. The supplied key prints 2 points per question and 50 minutes. Source header says Qualifying Examinations; key says Taiwan (2).

What does the bottom image represent?

Question illustration
  1. host cell engulfing viruses
  2. new viruses bursting out of a host cell
  3. several viruses attacking a host cell
  4. viral hereditary material entering a host cell