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HKIMO 2026 THPT (Grades 10–12 shared) National Preliminary Set 01 Question 7

HKIMO · HKIMO 2026 THPT (Grades 10–12 shared) National Preliminary Set 01

Question 7

Given $A=2^{2021}$, find $1+2+2^2+2^3+\cdots+2^{2020}$ in terms of $A$.
  1. $A$
  2. $A-1$
  3. $A+1$
  4. $2A-1$