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APMO 2022 - Asian Pacific Mathematics Olympiad Question 4

APMO · APMO 2022 - Asian Pacific Mathematics Olympiad

Question 4

Let $n,k$ be positive integers. There are $n$ marbles labelled $1,\ldots,n$ and $k$ boxes. Initially all marbles are in one box. On each turn Cathy chooses a box and moves the marble with smallest label in it, say $i$, either to an empty box or to the box containing marble $i+1$. Cathy wins if some box contains only marble $n$. Determine all pairs $(n,k)$ for which she can win.