IMSO 2022 Science International — Theory I

Question 1

Oxygen plays an important part in the metabolic process of living things. Like on land, fish and other marine organisms require oxygen to conduct cellular respiration. The illustrations show 1 dissolved oxygen, 2 zooplanktons, 3 sea grass, and 4 coral reefs. Which are possible sources of oxygen underwater?

1. 1, 2, and 3
2. 2, 3, and 4
3. 1, 3, and 4
4. 1, 2, and 4

Question 2

1. B
2. C
3. D
4. E

Question 3

Biotechnology is biology-based technology that uses an organism or its parts to create a new or improved product. The flowchart shows: produce food → X → uses microorganisms to act on food; improve plants and animals → Y → breeding parents with desirable characteristics; improve plants and animals → Z → transferring genes from one organism type to another. Which headings match X, Y, Z?

1. Genetic selection; Fermentation; Genetic engineering
2. Fermentation; Genetic selection; Genetic engineering
3. Genetic engineering; Fermentation; Genetic selection
4. Genetic engineering; Genetic selection; Fermentation

Question 4

The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle. Which statements are correct?

I. Process X needs glucose to produce water and energy for the plant.
II. Dead organisms are broken down into simpler matter such as CO₂ and H₂O.
III. Green plants obtain glucose for energy from process Z.
IV. Organisms such as slugs, maggots, and bacteria can carry out process Y.

1. I, II, III only
2. I, III, IV only
3. II, III, IV only
4. All of the above

Question 5

A community health study records breathing rates for a grandfather, father, mother, and child. The mother has asthma and was wheezing and coughing during data collection. Use these supplied concepts: children breathe faster than adults; asthma attacks can cause suddenly increased breathing rates; an old person has a lower breathing rate than a normal healthy adult. Which graph E, F, G, or H represents the mother?

1. E
2. F
3. G
4. H

Question 6

Exercise increases the body’s oxygen demand, met by greater pulmonary oxygen uptake and cardiovascular transport to skeletal muscles (cardiac output). Using the diagram, trace the sequence when the heart pumps blood to supply oxygen to our muscles.

1. A → B → C → D → E → F → G
2. A → C → B → F → D → E → G
3. C → B → D → E → F → G → A
4. C → D → F → E → G → A → C

Question 7

River X supplies clean water and livelihoods to a town. Recently green algae have overgrown and fish numbers decreased. Officials suspect runoff from Farm Y or Farm Z. Which two sites should be tested to identify the farm source?

1. A and B
2. B and C
3. D and E
4. A and D

Question 8

A phylogenetic tree depicts evolutionary descent from common ancestors and helps explain biological diversity. The diagram shows different groups of primates (called monkeys in the source). Which inference is most accurate?

1. Cercopithecoidea and Hominoidea are distantly related
2. Cercopithecoidea and Hominoidea have far differences
3. Lemuroidea and Lorisoidea are the most closely related
4. Lemuroidea and Lorisoidea have little in common

Question 9

Question 10

1. K; M; J; L
2. M; J; L; K
3. K; L; J; M
4. M; K; L; J

Question 11

Marie investigates how pollutant substance Y affects river organisms A, B and C. Each of four beakers contains 100 mL river water and the same initial number of each organism. She adds different amounts of Y and counts survivors daily for one week.

| Beaker | Initial number of each A/B/C | Y (mL) | A, day 7 | B, day 7 | C, day 7 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 20 | 10 | 14 | 17 | 20 |
| 2 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 13 | 20 |
| 3 | 20 | 30 | 8 | 10 | 20 |
| 4 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 20 |

Which statements are correct?
I. Amount of Y is a dependent variable.
II. As Y increases, A decreases.
III. C may have an adaptation against Y.
IV. Beaker 1 is the control.
V. B declines in the same trend as A.

1. I, II and III only
2. II, III and V only
3. II and III only
4. All of the above

Question 12

Ferns are spore-bearing vascular plants (pteridophytes) with no flowers or fruits. Their life cycle alternates between the spore-producing sporophyte (called the asexual phase here) and gamete-producing gametophyte (sexual phase).

I. Spore bags burst, spores fall to soil and germinate into young gametophytes or prothalli.
II. Rootlike rhizoids grow from the gametophyte’s lower surface and anchor it.
III. Mature gametophytes develop sperm-producing and egg-producing structures.
IV. With enough water, sperm-containing structures release sperm; a sperm swims to fertilize an egg, forming a zygote within the gametophyte.
V. The young plant roots in soil and the gametophyte disintegrates until only the new plant remains.

Anita is surprised when ferns sprout among her sunflower plants. Which stage is responsible?

1. I
2. II
3. IV
4. V

Question 13

Four objects A, B, C and D of equal mass fall from top to bottom in sealed transparent containers. A: air on Earth; B: vacuum on Earth; C: air on Moon; D: vacuum on Moon. Which are fastest and slowest, respectively?

1. A; D
2. D; C
3. B; C
4. B; D

Question 14

The graph shows Indonesia’s annual mean temperature from 1901 to 2021. To keep a house cool during warm days, which wall material and outside paint color should you choose?

1. Bad conductor; white
2. Good conductor; white
3. Bad conductor; black
4. Good conductor; black

Question 15

A student views an object through a plane mirror. Where is its image located and what type of image is formed?

1. Y; virtual
2. W; real
3. Y; real
4. X; virtual

Question 16

The diagram shows three containers O, P, Q filled with the same liquid at the same drawn depth. Their diameters are 3 cm, 6 cm and 9 cm. What is the ratio of the bottom pressures in P and Q respectively to that in O? (The source offers three-term ratios.)

1. 1:1:1
2. 3:2:1
3. 2:1:3
4. 1:2:3

Question 17

Iron filings reveal the magnetic-field pattern between two bar magnets. Arrows show field direction. Which pair of magnets produces the pattern? Each option lists magnet 1 left-to-right, then magnet 2 left-to-right.

1. N–S; S–N
2. S–N; S–N
3. N–S; N–S
4. S–N; N–S

Question 18

Indonesian street vendors advertise with bells or gongs. The mie ayam bell sounds low; the cilok bell is shriller than both ice cream and mie ayam bells. If the sellers strike their bells at the same distance from the listener, what explains this?

1. Cilok sound travels through air faster than mie ayam sound
2. Cilok’s period is greater than mie ayam’s
3. Cilok’s frequency is higher than mie ayam’s
4. Mie ayam’s amplitude is greater than cilok’s

Question 19

Four blocks P, Q, R, S have the same mass and lie at the depths shown in fluid x. Which of the four graphs A–D represents hydrostatic pressure (gray bars) and force (white bars)?

A. Graph A

B. Graph B

C. Graph C

D. Graph D

Question 20

The graph has vertical axis Distance and horizontal axis Time. Which intervals show the car at rest and moving with constant acceleration, respectively?

A. C to D; D to E

B. C to D; A to B

C. B to C; D to E

D. B to C; A to B