Awais is building a race track. He notices that the order of the cars at the end is not the same as at the beginning. Which element should replace element $X$ at the beginning so that the cars finish in their original order?
Three boys have 30 balls altogether. Arshad gives 5 to Babar, Babar gives 4 to Ejaz, and Ejaz gives 2 to Arshad. They then have equal numbers of balls. How many balls did Ejaz have at the beginning?
Some historians claim that ancient Egyptians used a string with two knots to construct a right angle. The string is 12 m long, and knot $X$ is 3 m from one end. How far from the other end should the second knot be placed to obtain a right angle at $X$?
A university entrance test requires at least 80% correct answers. Raza has worked on 15 questions: he did not know the answers to 5, but is sure that the other 10 are correct. If he answers all the remaining questions correctly, he will pass with exactly 80%. How many questions are in the test?
$AE$ is divided into four equal parts. Semicircles with diameters $AE$, $AD$, and $DE$ form the two paths from $A$ to $E$ shown. Find the ratio of the upper path’s length to the lower path’s length.
A square $ABCD$ has side length 1. Draw all squares that share at least two vertices with $ABCD$. What is the area of the region covered by at least one of these squares?
Two semicircles are drawn as shown. Chord $CD$ of the larger semicircle has length 4, is parallel to its diameter $AB$, and is tangent to the smaller semicircle. What is the shaded area?
Akhlaq was born on his mother’s 20th birthday, so they share birthdays. How many times will Akhlaq’s age be a divisor of his mother’s age if they both live long lives?
An island is inhabited by knights, who always tell the truth, and liars, who always lie. Islander A says that at least one of A and B is a liar. Which statement is true?